domingo, 5 de julio de 2015

Forma irregular del plural

 


There are some nouns that form the plurals differently. 


 Some nouns change their vowels in the middle of the singular form when forming the plural  

 one goose goose -----> two geese 
 foot - feet 
 louse - lice 
 man - men 
 mouse - mice 
 tooth - teeth
woman - women 

Compounds of words man and woman form plurals the same way: 
 mailman - mailmen 

Words that contain the syllable "man" such as in the word human form the plural by adding the letter s as with most plurals. 

 Several nouns form the plural by adding the letters en: 


 child - children 
 ox - oxen 

 Some words with descriptive adjectives and hyphens form the plural by adding the correct affix to the noun portion of the word. 


 father-in-law - fathers-in law 
 mother-in-law - mothers-in-law 
 brother-in-law - brothers-in-law 
 sister-in-law - sisters-in-law 
 attorney-general - attorneys-general 
 secretary-general - secretaries general 


 There are a number of animals that have the same singular and plural form: 


 bison - bison 
 deer - deer 
 moose - moose 
 sheep - sheep 
 swine - swine 

There are also some animal names that form the plural the same as the singular or use the s or es form:

 antelope - antelope or antelopes 
 cod - cod or cods 
 elk - elk or elks 
 fish - fish or fishes 
 flounder - flounder or flounders 
 grouse - grouse or grouses 
 herring - herring or herrings 
 quail - quail or quails 
 reindeer - reindeer or reindeers 
 salmon - salmon or salmons 
 shrimp - shrimp or  shrimps 
 trout - trout or trouts


Nouns that end in ch, sh, s, ss, x, z, zz form the plural form by adding es

There are several different rules for singular nouns ending in the letters f, fe or ff when changing them to the plural form.


Most nouns ending in the letters f, fe or ff form the plural by adding the letter s.

Some nouns that end in f, fe or ff form the plural by changing the final f form to ves.

Some other words that change the ending to ves in the plural form include:

calf - calves
elf - elves
half - halves
knife - knives
life - lives
loaf - loaves

self - selves (ourselves, yourselves, themselves)

shelf - shelves
thief - thieves
wife - wives

Some others have two forms of the plural:

dwarf - dwarfs or dwarves
hoof - hoofs or hooves
scarf - scarfs or scarves
staff - staffs or staves
wharf - wharfs or wharves


Most nouns that end in i form the plural by adding the letter s.

ski-skis

Others that add the letter s include:

alibi-alibis
khaki-khakis
rabbi-rabbis

Some nouns ending with the letter i form the plural both by adding s and/or es

taxi-taxis-taxies
alkali-alkalis-alkalies
chili-chilies

Nouns ending in the letter o preceded by a vowel form the plural by adding the letter s.

one radio
two radios



Most nouns ending with the letter o preceded by a consonant add the letter s to form the plural

one piano
two pianos



Some nouns ending in the letter o preceded by a consonant add es to form the plural

one potato
two potatoes
Others that add es include:

echo - echoes
hero - heroes
jingo - jingoes
no - noes
tomato - tomatoes


If a singular noun ends in y and is preceded by a consonant, the y is changed to i and es is added.

butterfly - y + i + es = butterflies

1 butterfly
2 butterflies

If a singular noun ends in y and is preceded by a vowel, the letter s is simply added with no other changes made.

monkey + s = monkeys

Some nouns ending with the letter o preceded by a consonant can form the plural two ways

one zero
two zeros - zeroes


Others that form the plural with both s and es include:

buffalo - buffalos or buffaloes
cargo - cargos or cargoes
desperado - desperados or desperadoes
halo - halos or haloes

mosquito - mosquitos or mosquitoes


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